Political Groups in the European Parliament (1979-2024) Since the first direct elections in 1979, the European Parliament has been dominated by three main political groups: the European People's Party (EPP), the Socialists and Democrats (S&D), and the liberals (ALDE, later Renew Europe). The center-right EPP has consistently been the largest group, representing Christian democratic and conservative parties across Europe. The S&D, comprising social democratic parties, has typically been the second-largest group. The liberal ALDE (later Renew Europe) has often played a kingmaker role, aligning with either the EPP or S&D to form majorities. Over time, smaller groups have gained prominence, reflecting the changing political landscape of Europe. The Greens/European Free Alliance has become increasingly influential, especially on environmental issues. Eurosceptic and nationalist groups have also grown, with the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) forming in 2009 and...
