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Viking and Magyar invasions in the 9th and 10th century

 Map by Dodimaps Viking and Magyar invasions in the 9th and 10th century. The 9th and 10th centuries were a period of significant upheaval and transformation in Europe, marked by the invasions of Vikings and Magyars. These groups, originating from Scandinavia and the Ural Mountains respectively, launched a series of raids and incursions that had a profound impact on the political, social, and cultural landscape of the continent.    Viking Invasions: The Vikings, skilled seafarers from Scandinavia, began their incursions in the late 8th century, but their activity intensified during the 9th and 10th centuries. Driven by a combination of factors, including overpopulation, a desire for wealth, and a spirit of adventure, they embarked on a campaign of raiding and exploration that took them across much of Europe.    Targets: The Vikings initially targeted coastal areas, particularly monasteries and settlements in Britain and Ireland, which were wealthy and poorly def...

The truth about streaming (Spotify audiences)

 Spotify’s catalog contains millions of tracks, but the distribution of streams is shockingly unequal. Let’s break it down: Top-Tier Songs (Billion+ Streams): • Only 33 songs have surpassed 1 billion streams—a minuscule fraction of the catalog. High-Level Streaming (100M - 1B Streams): • 4,800 songs fall into this category. Moderate-Level Streaming (10M - 100M Streams): • 60,000 songs have achieved between 10 million and 100 million streams. Low to Moderate Streaming (1M - 10M Streams): • 427,700 songs garner between 1 million and 10 million streams. Mid-Lower Tier (100K - 1M Streams): • 2.1 million songs fall into this range. Lower Tier (1K - 100K Streams): • 24.1 million songs receive between 1,000 and 100,000 streams. Very Low Tier (101 - 1K Streams): • 34.6 million songs are in this range. Barely Played (11 - 100 Streams): • 47.7 million songs receive between 11 and 100 streams. Unplayed or Almost Unplayed (0 - 10 Streams): • A staggering 93.2 million songs have 10 or fewer str...

Trust in science by country

  What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? A study in Nature Human Behaviour reports on a survey of 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and finds that trust in scientists is moderately high.     Abstract   Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most people trust scientists and agree that scientists should engage more in society and policymaking. We found variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual- and country-level variables, including political orientation. While there is no widespread lack of trust in scientists, we ca...

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